销售服务热线：
Products
热门新闻
Laboratory water purification systems produce water of varying purity levels for different laboratory applications. From general rinsing to critical analytical work, using the correct water purity ensures accurate results and protects laboratory equipment.
| Type | Resistivity | TOC | Bacteria | Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type I | ≥18.2 MΩ·cm | <50 ppb | <1 CFU/mL | Critical analyses, cell culture |
| Type II | ≥1 MΩ·cm | <50 ppb | <100 CFU/mL | General lab, buffers |
| Type III | ≥0.1 MΩ·cm | <200 ppb | N/A | Washing, glassware rinsing |
| Type IV | ≥0.05 MΩ·cm | N/A | N/A | Feed water for Type I/II |
Process: - Semi-permeable membrane - Removes 95-99% of dissolved solids - Removes bacteria and particles - Removes organic molecules >200 MW Output: Type III/IV water Recovery: 50-75% Limitations: - Not sufficient alone for lab use - Requires further polishing
Process: - Ion exchange resins - Removes dissolved ionic species - Regenerable or disposable cartridges Output: Type II water (from RO feed) Resin Types: - Mixed bed (cation + anion) - Dual bed (separate beds) -核 bed (specialty applications)
Process: - Hollow fiber membrane - Removes endotoxins, nucleases, proteins - Molecular weight cutoff: 10,000-100,000 MW Applications: - Cell culture media preparation - Removal of pyrogens - Protein solutions
Types: - 185nm UV: Breaks down organic molecules - 254nm UV: Kills bacteria, breaks TOC Applications: - TOC reduction - Bacteria control - Prep for sensitive applications
Feed Water → Pretreatment → RO → DI → UV → Filter → Dispense Pretreatment: - Sediment filter - Carbon filter (chlorine removal) - Softener (optional) Polishing: - Final DI (mixed bed) - 185nm UV (TOC reduction) - 254nm UV (bacteria kill) - 0.2μm filter (particle removal)
Compact Systems: - Feed: Tap water - Output: Type I/II water - Flow rate: 1-2 L/min - Cartridge-based Advantages: - Space efficient - Easy installation - Automatic operation - Low maintenance
Resistivity/Conductivity: - Primary purity indicator - Continuous monitoring - Temperature compensated - Display in MΩ·cm or μS/cm TOC (Total Organic Carbon): - Indicates organic contamination - Critical for HPLC, GC, MS - Measured by UV oxidation + detector Bacteria: - Measured by sampling and incubation - Endotoxin testing (LAL assay) - For cell culture applications
Online: - Continuous measurement - Real-time alerts - No sample preparation - Integrated with system Offline: - Greater accuracy - Multiple parameters - Time-consuming - Manual sampling required
| Application | Water Type | Key Requirements |
|---|---|---|
| HPLC mobile phase | Type I | Low TOC, UV absorbance |
| Cell culture | Type I | Endotoxin <0.1 EU/mL |
| Buffer preparation | Type II | Low ions |
| Glassware washing | Type III | General purpose |
| Feed to pure water | Type IV | RO permeate |
Sediment Filter: Every 3-6 months Carbon Filter: Every 6-12 months RO Membrane: Every 2-3 years DI Resins: Every 6-12 months UV Lamp: Every 12 months Final Filter: Every 6-12 months
Laboratory water purification is critical for laboratory operations. Understanding water purity requirements and selecting appropriate purification technologies ensures reliable experimental results while protecting sensitive laboratory equipment.
相关文档
